Elmer Samuel Imes (October 12, 1883 – 1941) was the second African American to earn a Ph.D.
in physics and the first in the 20th century.
He was among the first African-American scientists to make important contributions to modern physics.
While working in industry, he gained four patents for instruments to be used for measuring magnetic and electric properties.
As an academic, he developed and chaired the department of physics at Fisk University, serving from 1930 to 1941.
Born in Memphis, Tennessee, he was the child of college-educated parents.
His father's family were people of color who had been free since before the American Revolution.
His mother's family, former slaves, had moved to Oberlin, Ohio, after the American Civil War.