James Burton (22 September 1786 – 22 February 1862) (formerly James Haliburton and latterly James Haliburton) was an early British Egyptologist, known for his pioneering exploration and mapping of the Valley of the Kings, during which he became the first individual of the modern age to enter KV5; his pioneering excavations at Karnak, during which he discovered the Karnak king list; and his excavations at Medinet Habu, during which he was part of the team that discovered TT391.
The son of James Burton, he was christened 'James Haliburton' but his father changed the family surname to Burton in 1794.
The son James then changed his surname to Burton also, though he was the only member of the family to subsequently change his surname back to Haliburton (in 1838).
He was the brother of the architect Decimus Burton, the physician Henry Burton, and the gunpowder manufacturer William Ford Burton.