Gertrude Rachel Levy (5 November 1883 – October 1966) was an author and cultural historian writing about comparative mythology, matriarchy, epic poetry and archaeology.
She published many of her works under the name "G.
Rachel Levy".As did Alexander Marshack, but earlier, Levy made an observation to the effect that in the earliest known representations of humans and animals together, the humans are shown without weapons.
To the theory of hero archetypes, she contributed in The Sword from the Rock a three-phase evolutionary pattern, considered neglected by Brown and Fishwick: creation narratives, then quest pattern, then fraternal conflict.
Theodore Ziolkowski states that Levy included much of ancient epic in the works that can be traced back to ritual.
Eleazar M.
Meletinsky writes
[...] the monumental epics of agrarian civilizations undoubtedly use models linked to seasonal rites [...] On this point, Levy's work is interesting, despite its exaggerations, and goes beyond Murray's pioneering efforts.
Levy was an influence on Northrop Frye, as he himself acknowledged, and references to her work are common in his "Third Book" and "Late" notebooks.