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About Ladislaus IV of Hungary
- Ladislaus the Cuman (Hungarian: IV.
- (Kun) László, Croatian: Ladislav IV.
- Kumanac, Slovak: Ladislav IV.
- Kumánsky; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislas the Cuman, was king of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290.
- His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary.
- At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth (or Isabella), a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily.
- Ladislaus was only 10 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him. Ladislaus was still a prisoner when his father Stephen V died on 6 August 1272.
- During his minority, many groupings of barons — primarily the Abas, Csáks, Koszegis, and Gutkeleds — fought against each other for supreme power.
- Ladislaus was declared to be of age at an assembly of the prelates, barons, noblemen, and Cumans in 1277.
- He allied himself with Rudolf I of Germany against Ottokar II of Bohemia.
- His forces had a preeminent role in Rudolf's victory over Ottokar in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278. However, Ladislaus could not restore royal power in Hungary.
- A papal legate, Philip, bishop of Fermo, came to Hungary to help Ladislaus consolidate his authority, but the prelate was shocked at the presence of thousands of pagan Cumans in Hungary.
- Ladislaus promised that he would force them to adopt a Christian lifestyle, but they refused to obey the legate's demands.
- Ladislaus decided to support the Cumans, for which Philip of Fermo excommunicated him.
- The Cumans imprisoned the legate, and the legate's partisans captured Ladislaus.
- In early 1280, Ladislaus agreed to persuade the Cumans to submit to the legate, but many Cumans preferred to leave Hungary. Ladislaus vanquished a Cuman army that invaded Hungary in 1282.
- Hungary also survived a Mongol invasion in 1285.
- Ladislaus had, by that time, become so unpopular that many of his subjects accused him of inciting the Mongols to invade Hungary.
- After he imprisoned his wife in 1286, he lived with his Cuman mistresses.
- During the last years of his life, he wandered throughout the country with his Cuman allies, but he was unable to control the most powerful lords and bishops any more.
- Pope Nicholas IV planned to declare a crusade against him, but three Cuman assassins murdered Ladislaus.
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