She was a co-founder of Google X and previously held roles as CEO of Quantus, as a technology leader at Apple, and as VP of Technology at Nest.Previously, she was an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University and an associate professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington, director of Washington's Neurobotics Laboratory, director of the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering.
She is a 2007 MacArthur Fellow, commonly referred to as Genius Award.
At University of Washington, her research combined neuroscience and robotics—sometimes referred to by Matsuoka by the portmanteau neurobotics—to create more realistic prosthetics.