Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet (Russian: ?´??? ????´?????? ??´???? Yakov Vasilyevich Wylie) (13 or 20 November 1768 — 2 March 1854), was a Scottish physician who served as a battlefield surgeon and court physician in the Russian Empire from 1790 until his death in 1854, and as President of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from 1808 to 1838.
He is considered one of the organizers of military medicine in Russia.