Margarete Hielscher (September 12, 1899 in Arnsdorf - April 13, 1985 in Stadtroda) was a German doctor, who was involved in Nazi crimes in the context of "child euthanasia".
Margarete Hielscher propagated in 1930 a segregation of mentally handicapped people whom she described as "hereditary inferiority".
During the Second World War, she led under the hospital clinic director Gerhard Kloos - euphemistically called - "Children's Department" at the Thuringia State Hospitals Stadtroda, which was affiliated to the youth psychiatric department; the children admitted there, at least 72 died through food deprivation or lethal injection.