Born in Taitung, Chen entered politics in 1981 as a Taitung councillor representing the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT).
He served as County Magistrate of Taitung from 1993 to 2001.
A member of the Puyuma tribe, he is the only indigenous politician to have served as a county magistrate in Taiwan.
In 2002, Chen quit the KMT to accept the cabinet-level Minister of Council of Aboriginal Affairs post in Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration.
He resigned in 2005 due to a vote-buying charge, whilst continuing to maintain his innocence.
Following a failed appeal to the Supreme Court in 2012, he was sentenced to nine months in jail.