His father was a pastoralist and long-serving member of the Legislative Council, while his maternal grandfather was John Septimus Roe, who was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia.
Phillips attended Bishop Hale's School in Perth, and then went to work on his father's property on the lower Irwin River.
He eventually came to own several properties in the Gascoyne, including Jimba Jimba Station, Mount Augustus Station, Mount James Station, and Yandanooka Station.
In 1883, he served as chairman of the Irwin Roads Board.
At the 1890 general elections, the first to be held for the newly created Legislative Assembly, Phillips won the seat of Irwin.
He was re-elected at the 1894, 1897, and 1901 elections, and retired at the 1904 election.