Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christoph Graf von Benckendorff, (Russian: ????????? ????????????? ??????????, Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf, 4 July [O.S.
23 June] 1781 or 1783 – 5 October [O.S.
11 September or 23 September] 1844), was a Baltic German Cavalry General and statesman, Adjutant General of Tsar Alexander I, a commander of partisan (Kossak irregular) units during the War of 1812-13.
However, he is most frequently remembered for his later role, under Tsar Nicholas I, as the founding head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia.