Gabriel Mouton (1618 – 28 September 1694) was a French abbot and scientist.
He was a doctor of theology from Lyon, but was also interested in mathematics and astronomy.
His 1670 book, the Observationes diametrorum solis et lunae apparentium, proposed a natural standard of length based on the circumference of the Earth, and was decimally divided.
It was influential in the adoption of the metric system in 1799.