Juchereau Duchesnay was called to the Lower Canada bar in 1866 and first practised in Quebec City, later moving back to Sainte-Marie.
In 1869, he married Caroline TĂŞtu.
He was named a lieutenant-colonel in the militia and also served as stipendiary magistrate for Beauce County, inspector of mines in the Beauce region, mayor of Sainte-Marie-de-Beauce and warden for Beauce County.
In 1882, he established a local creamery, which had what are believed to be the first centrifugal cream separators installed in North America.
In 1885, "Juchereau" Duchesnay spoke against the execution of Louis Riel.