He began a teaching career in high schools of his native Lac-St-Jean region.
His 1960 book Les insolences du Frère Untel (1960) (translated as The Impertinences of Brother Anonymous, 1962), is a strong attack on the quality of public education system in Quebec.
The book, which also denounces the poor quality of the spoken and written French among the younger generations, is credited by many as inspiring the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.
He later worked with the Ministry of Education in Quebec to help improve the public school and junior college programs in the province.
Desbiens was chief editorial writer for La Presse from 1970 to 1972.
He was also the provincial head of his religious congregation for some time.
He wrote many essays, and published his personal journal.
He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006.
He died in Quebec City of a heart attack on July 23, 2006, after a long battle with lung cancer.