Ernest Gottlieb of Anhalt-Plötzkau (4 September 1620 – 7 March 1654) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau.
He was the eldest son of Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau, by his wife Sibylle, daughter of John George I, Count of Solms-Laubach.