Sérgio Paulo Rouanet (born 23 February 1934) is a Brazilian diplomat, philosopher, essayist and scholar.
He was the national Secretary of Culture between 1991 and 1992, and in his tenure he created the Lei de Incentivo à Cultura (Culture Incentive Law), a tax credit law for companies and citizens that sponsor cultural activities, which became known as Rouanet Law.Rouanet is also a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters since 1992.