Mariya Polivanova (Russian: ????? ??????????; 24 October 1922 – 14 August 1942) was a private in the 528th Rifle Regiment of the 130th Infantry Division, 1st Shock Army on the Northwestern Front during World War II.
On 14 August 1942, surrounded by German soldiers whilst she and her colleague Natalya Kovshova had only two grenades left, they set off the last two grenades, killing themselves and surrounding German soldiers.
For their bravery she and Kovshova were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 14 February 1943.