Karl Yanovich Bauman (Russian: ???? ?????? ??????, Latvian: Karlis Baumanis; August 29, 1892 – October 14, 1937) was a Latvian-born politician of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
He was born in Vilkene Parish, Kreis Wolmar, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire.
He was a member of the Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Orgburo and the Politburo.
He was appointed head of the Science and Scientific-technological Discoveries Department on May 13, 1935.
On April 14, 1937 he was removed from his post.
During the Great Purge, as a part of the so-called "Latvian Operation", he was arrested on October 12, 1937 and died in Lefortovo Prison, Moscow two days later after a brutal interrogation.
After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, he was rehabilitated (posthumously exonerated).