Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: ?????´? ??´?????? ??´?????, born Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremov – sometimes transliterated as Efremov; ?????´? ??´?????? ????´???; 31 October 1880 – 22 August 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader.
He was the Soviet leader of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions.
Tomsky attempted to form a trade union at his factory in St.
Petersburg resulting in his dismissal.His labour activities radicalized him politically and led him to become a socialist and join the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904 and eventually join the Bolshevik faction of the party.