Annie Heloise Abel (February 18, 1873 – March 14, 1947) was among the earliest professional historians to study Native Americans.
She was one of the first thirty women in the United States to earn a PhD in history.
One of the ablest historians of her day, Abel was an expert on the history of British and American Indian policies.
As another historian has put it: "She was the first academically trained historian in the United States to consider the development of Indian-white relations and, although her focus was narrowly political and her methodology almost entirely archival-based, in this she was a pioneer."