Murphy was involved in shipping on the Great Lakes and owned a lumber business at Quebec City and phosphate and asbestos mines at Thetford Mines, Templeton and Black Lake.
He was also a commissioner for the Turnpike Trust.
Murphy married Marie Roach.
He served on the municipal council for Quebec City.
He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in an 1877 by-election before being elected in 1878.