Originally from Henan province, Chen was among the first batch of students to graduate university after the resumption of Gaokao examinations in 1978.
Chen worked up the ranks in the party bureaucracy in his home province from a minor local official to the deputy provincial party chief.
In 2009, he became Governor of Hebei.
Then in 2011, he became the party secretary (the top official) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, developing the region economically and instituting greater policing surveillance.In 2016, Chen was promoted to the party secretary of Xinjiang.
He has since then attracted press for his policies for increasing security in the region, pacifying separatist movements, and countering terrorism, most notably through "re-education camps" in the region, under General Secretary Xi Jinping’s order.
He expanded the detention camps holding Muslim ethnic minorities.
As a party boss for the region, Chen exhorted local officials to "round up everyone who should be rounded up."