Anton Muziwakhe Lembede (21 January 1914 – 30 July 1947) was a South African activist and founding president of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL).
He has been described as "the principal architect of South Africa's first full-fledged ideology of African nationalism." Lembede had a strong influence on Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo.
Lembede was regarded as the progenitor of the "Programme of Action" that was adopted as a guiding document by the 1949 meeting of the African National Congress.