Montgomery (May 21, 1847 – March 5, 1924) was the son of Ben Montgomery and his wife, and the founder of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, an all-black community.
Soon elected mayor, he was an active Republican politician.
He participated in the 1890 Mississippi constitutional convention but was unable to prevent adoption of a state constitution that effectively disfranchised black voters for decades, using poll taxes and literacy tests to raise barriers to voter registration.
Montgomery was thought to promote an accommodationist position for African Americans, which was sometimes thought of his colleague on race matters, Booker T.
Washington, who became head of the Tuskegee Institute.