James Edwin Robertson (October 8, 1840 – October 30, 1915) was a Canadian physician and politician.
Born in New Perth, Prince Edward Island, the son of Peter Robertson and Annie McFarlane, Robertson was educated at McGill University where he graduated with honours in 1865, after which he located in Montague, Prince Edward Island where he has worked up a large practice.
In 1870, he was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island for 4th Kings.
He was re-elected in 1876 but was defeated in 1879.
He was re-elected in 1882.
He was a Minister Without Portfolio in the cabinet of Robert Poore Haythorne and Louis Henry Davies.
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for King's County in the 1882 election.