James Edward Fenton (4 February 1864 – 2 December 1950) was an Australian politician.
He is notable for having been appointed a cabinet minister by two governments of different political complexions, but resigning from both governments on matters of principle.
His first resignation looms largely in history as that came with his political defection, whereas there was no defection with his second resignation.
He was also acting as prime minister of Australia for several months in the early 1930s.