James Gilmour (January 20, 1842 – May 15, 1908) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada.
He represented Middlesex East in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904 as a Conservative.He was born in South Hillhead, Renfrewshire and was educated there.
In 1871, he married Elizabeth McClary.
He was warden for Middlesex County in 1879 and also served as a trustee for London County General Hospital.
Gilmour was reeve of North Dorchester Township for 15 years.