Colonel John Tayloe II (28 May 1721 – 18 April 1779) was among the richest plantation owners in colonial Virginia.
He served in public office including the Virginia Governor's Council, also known as the Virginia Council of State.
He has been described as a "model Virginia planter, planting tobacco, wheat and corn and raising livestock." A fifth-generation plantation owner from the Tayloe Family of entrepreneurs, he took over the management of the Neabsco Iron Works during the 1740s, likely after his father's death in 1747.
Subsequently he built Mount Airy, the Neo-Palladian Villa overlooking the Rappahannock River, still inhabited by the Tayloe Family today.
The Tayloe Family of Richmond County, including John Tayloe II, his father, John Tayloe I, and son, John Tayloe III, exemplified gentry entrepreneurship.