Alexei Alexandrovich Shakhmatov (Russian: ??????´? ??????´??????? ??´??????, 17 June [O.S.
5 June] 1864 – 16 August 1920) was a Russian philologist and historian credited with laying foundations for the science of textology.
Shakhmatov held the title of Doctor of Russian language and philology (since 1894).
He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (before 1917 the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences) since 1899 and a chair of the Department of Russian language and philology of the Academy of Sciences (1908–1920), a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (1905) and the Russian Empire State Council (1906–1911).