Richard Towneley (10 October 1629 – 22 January 1707) was an English mathematician, natural philosopher and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley, Lancashire.
He was the nephew of Christopher Towneley, who corresponded with (and possibly introduced to each other) a group of seventeenth-century astronomers in the north of England which included Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree and William Gascoigne, the pioneer astronomers who laid the groundwork for research astronomy in the UK.
An investigation carried out with the physician Henry Power, followed by correspondence with Robert Boyle, showed the relationship between the pressure and volume of gas in a closed system and led to the formulation of Boyle's Law, or as Boyle named it, Mr.
Towneley's hypothesis.
He introduced John Flamsteed to the micrometer and invented the deadbeat escapement used in two clocks in the Greenwich Observatory.