Robert Geoffrey William Anderson, (born 2 May 1944) is a British museum curator and historian of chemistry.
He has wide-ranging interests in the history of chemistry, including the history of scientific instrumentation, the work of Joseph Black and Joseph Priestley, the history of museums, and the involvement of the working class in material culture.
He has been Director of the Science Museum, London, the National Museums of Scotland, and the British Museum, London.
He became interim president and CEO of the Chemical Heritage Foundation (now the Science History Institute) in Philadelphia in 2016, and was named its ongoing president and CEO on 11 January 2017.