1 December 2011 in Warsaw) was a Polish philosopher of culture, a specialist in the history of philosophy and of atheism, in Italian philosophy of the Renaissance and in religious studies and a connoisseur of the fine arts, poet and diplomat .
He conceived his own philosophical system which he called "the ergantropic and incontrological (Polish: ergantropijno-inkontrologiczny) philosophical system of meetings within things".
He worked as an academic at the University of Warsaw (1952–63), the University of Wroclaw (1963–73), the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin (1973–91) and achieved the rank of a professor.
He was co-founder and chairman of the Association of Atheists and Freethinkers and of the Polish Association for Religious Studies (Polish: Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze).
He was the founder and editor-in-chief of the "Euhemer" magazine.
He was the grandmaster of the Grand Orient of Poland in 1997–2002 and was a member of the committee of the Front of National Unity in 1958.